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Primary Source Document Analysis: Document B Thaddeus Stevens March 19, 1867, on the Bill - Radical Reconstruction Plan

The cause of the war was slavery. We have liberated the slaves. It is our duty to protect them, and provide for them while they are unable to provide for themselves….The first section orders the confiscation of all the property belonging to the Confederate State governments, and the national government of the Confederate States of America...the rebel states had taken themselves out of the Union when they seceded; now they should be dealt with as U.S. territories, hence the division of these lands into 5 districts with military leaders we have assigned...each government will have to ratify the proposed 14th amendment, their new constitutions approved by the US congress, and every African American male must be granted suffrage (the right to vote).

Whatever may be the fate of the rest of the bill, I must earnestly pray that this may not be defeated. On its success, in my judgment, depends not only the happiness and respectability of the colored race, but their very existence. Four million of persons have just been freed from a condition of dependence, they are unacquainted with business transactions, kept systematically in ignorance of all their rights and deprived of education, without which none of any race are competent to earn an honest living… they will be unable to guard against the frauds which will always be practiced on the ignorant... But few of them are mechanics, and none of them skilled manufacturers.

They must necessarily, therefore, be the servants and victims of others, unless they are made in some measure independent of their wiser neighbors. The protection of the Freedmen's Bureau, that helpful service institution, cannot be expected long to protect them. It encounters the hostility and anger of the old slaveholders, whether in public or private conversations, because it deprives these dethroned tyrants (former slaveholders) of the luxury of despotism and violent attitudes towards their former slaves, whom they see as lesser men. Withdraw that protection and leave the African American a prey to the treatment of their former masters, who will write legal laws and commit illegal crimes that no one will protect the African American from...Withhold from the African Americans all their rights, and leave them poor and distressed - without the means of earning a livelihood, the victims of the hatred of the southern confederates whom they helped to conquer, and it seems probable that the war of races might ensue...

Analysis Questions:

1) Why does Thaddeus Stevens think the Confederate states should be treated as territories?

2) What are two arguments Thaddeus Stevens makes to convince his audience that the Radical Reconstruction bill must be passed? Provide evidence for your claims. In the last paragraph, Thaddeus Stevens explains what he thinks will happen to African Americans if the US government does not protect them.

3)What does he fear will happen if they are not protected?

Stevens believes that the Confederate states should be treated as territories, as "they [had] seceded", [hence] they should be dealt as U.S. territories... [dividing] these lands into 5 districts..." This quote here shows that because they have seceded, they must first be territories. This can be seen in history. During the westward expansion that the US experienced during the 1800s, the lands that were settled were first thought to be 'territories', meaning that they would have to meet certain requirements, such as, previously, a certain amount of people, a certain amount of landholders, etc. In this case, Stevens believed that they must stay as territories until they have met certain requirements themselves, such as "ratify[ing] the proposed 14th amendment, [making a] new constitution... approved by the US congress, and [granting] every African American male [the right to vote." Stevens believed that in this way, they may be able to: 1) adequately punish the south, 2) Ensure that African Americans keep their rights, and 3) allow the south to have a chance to return to the Union.

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2) What are two arguments Thaddeus Stevens makes to convince his audience that the Radical Reconstruction bill must be passed? Provide evidence for your claims. In the last paragraph, Thaddeus Stevens explains what he thinks will happen to African Americans if the US government does not protect them.

Answer:

Thaddeus Stevens tries to convince his audience that the Radical Reconstruction bill must be passed, because of the hardships they have endured before, and the foreseen hardships that they would deal later on. As stated "...[I]t's success... depends not only [on] the happiness and respectability of the colored race, but on their very existence" [emphasize added]. The bill would allow African Americans to acquaint themselves with business transactions, be able to use their rights and be able to get an education, as well as be able to get fair jobs. To get this protection, Stevens believed that they must create something much more efficient than the Freedmen's Bureau (which, as stated, was "helpful...[but] cannot be expected long to protect [African Americans]." In the end, without the protection from the federal government, "The African American[s] becomes a prey to the treatment of their former masters, who will write legal laws and commit illegal crimes..." To address these problems, Stevens asks the Federal Government to support the bill and enforce it, so that the above problems will not occur.

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hope this helps

oliviauxer oliviauxer · Answer 2 · 2021-06-02T22:14:51+02:00

Answer:

Explanation:

Stevens believes that the Confederate states should be treated as territories, as "they [had] seceded", [hence] they should be dealt as U.S. territories... [dividing] these lands into 5 districts..." This quote here shows that because they have seceded, they must first be territories. This can be seen in history. During the westward expansion that the US experienced during the 1800s, the lands that were settled were first thought to be 'territories', meaning that they would have to meet certain requirements, such as, previously, a certain amount of people, a certain amount of landholders, etc. In this case, Stevens believed that they must stay as territories until they have met certain requirements themselves, such as "ratify[ing] the proposed 14th amendment, [making a] new constitution... approved by the US congress, and [granting] every African American male [the right to vote." Stevens believed that in this way, they may be able to: 1) adequately punish the south, 2) Ensure that African Americans keep their rights, and 3) allow the south to have a chance to return to the Union.

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2) What are two arguments Thaddeus Stevens makes to convince his audience that the Radical Reconstruction bill must be passed? Provide evidence for your claims. In the last paragraph, Thaddeus Stevens explains what he thinks will happen to African Americans if the US government does not protect them.

Answer:

Thaddeus Stevens tries to convince his audience that the Radical Reconstruction bill must be passed, because of the hardships they have endured before, and the foreseen hardships that they would deal later on. As stated "...[I]t's success... depends not only [on] the happiness and respectability of the colored race, but on their very existence" [emphasize added]. The bill would allow African Americans to acquaint themselves with business transactions, be able to use their rights and be able to get an education, as well as be able to get fair jobs. To get this protection, Stevens believed that they must create something much more efficient than the Freedmen's Bureau (which, as stated, was "helpful...[but] cannot be expected long to protect [African Americans]." In the end, without the protection from the federal government, "The African American[s] becomes a prey to the treatment of their former masters, who will write legal laws and commit illegal crimes..." To address these problems, Stevens asks the Federal Government to support the bill and enforce it, so that the above problems will not occur.