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Tan mice lived in regions with sandy hills. Over time, many of these tan mice migrated to a region with dark-colored hills. Eventually, the mice developed certain mutations in the trait for hair color, which made them black. Which three statements can you make about these mice?

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The statements that the mice underwent natural selection (due to the fact that they developed traits for different hair colors), were there for a considerable amount of time (they wouldn't be able to undergo natural selection in a short time), and that they underwent allopatric speciation.  Allopatric speciation is when one population is cut off from the original, and begin to adapt and change to their new environment to survive.  
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  • The mutations for black hair will be inherited through natural selection: Natural selection is nothing more than an evolutionary mechanism that is based on the survival and differential reproduction of individuals within a population. It is often said that natural selection selects the organism most apt to live in a given environment. With this, we can conclude that black-haired mice were more likely to survive in the dark hills and survived by passing this characteristic on to their descendants  because of natural selection.
  • The population of tan mice will increase in the dark-colored hills over time: Because of the natural selection, the population of light-colored mice will decrease, so the black-haired mice survive and have other black-haired mice. With this, the population of black-haired mice will increase in the black hills.
  • Black mice will have a better chance of successfully reaching reproductive age: The reason black-haired rats are more likely to survive is explained by the fact that their coloration allows them to be camouflaged in dark caves, causing predators not to see them. For this reason, these rats will have a greater chance of being alive until they reach reproductive age.

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