African Animal Trypanosomiasis, commonly known as"Nagana", represents one of the main problems for the development of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The tsetse fly (Glossinidae), responsible for the transmission of trypanosomiasis, is distributed over a surfacetotal of 10 million km2, and it is estimated that 30% of African cattle are at risk of infection. T. b. brucei, T. congolense, T. evansi and T. vivax are responsible for the infection in cattle, horses and small ruminants, and T. simiae in pigs. T. simiae and T. vivax they can also be transmitted mechanically by tabanidae (Diptera: Tabanidae) and other blood-sucking insects. T. evansi is transmitted mechanically by the fly tsetse (Glossinidae), and mainly affects camels, although it can parasitize other domestic mammals such as goats and sheep.
