Sigmund Freud distinguishes three levels or modes of approach to consciousness and they differ as follows:
- Consciousness is the set of experiences of which the individual is aware of them at the same moment in which they are occurring.
According to Freud, being conscious is what allows the individual to have a perception of reality, to think and to communicate in a rational way.
- The preconscious includes thoughts, knowledge and experiences that are not currently conscious.
In the preconscious mind are the feelings and thoughts of which the individual is not aware at the same moment in which they occur.
Unlike the thoughts and feelings found in the unconscious, those found in the preconscious are not repressed.
- In the unconscious are instinctive and primitive desires that have been repressed.
According to Freud, the unconscious mind comprises mental processes that are inaccessible to consciousness.
The information that is repressed in the unconscious, is locked up through the defense mechanisms that retain traumatic events so that they are out of the reach of consciousness.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to Sigmund Freud distinguishes three levels of consciousness: conscious, preconscious and unconscious.
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