A 17-year-old castrated male American Quarter Horse was pawing and making repeated attempts to roll when the owner entered the barn this morning. Its weight is 1103 lbs (500kg), temperature is 99.9*F, heart rate is 68 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 32 breaths/ min. Physical examination shows tacky oral mucous membranes, a capillary refill time of 2-3 secs, and a skin tent that persists for 3-4 seconds. No intestinal borborygmi are audible on auscultation of the abdomen. Which of the following is the most appropriate volume of isotonic crystalloid fluid to administer to correct dehydration?
a. 1L,
b. 5L,
c. 10L,
d. 40L,
e. 80L