Explanation:
Louis XVI was compelled to convene the Estates-General in 1789 due to various social, economic, and political factors that had accumulated over time. The Estates-General was a representative assembly consisting of three estates: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners (or the Third Estate).
Socially, France was grappling with deep-seated inequalities and social unrest. The society was divided into three distinct orders with vast disparities in privileges, wealth, and power. The Third Estate, which represented the commoners, encompassed the majority of the population but had limited political influence and bore the burden of heavy taxation while the clergy and nobility enjoyed exemptions.
Economically, France was facing severe financial crises. Years of costly wars, extravagant spending by the monarchy, and a regressive taxation system exacerbated by exemptions for the nobility and clergy had led to a state of financial ruin. The monarchy's inability to manage the budget effectively and the failure to address pressing economic issues contributed to widespread discontent among the populace.
The Estates-General was reconvened after over 170 years because Louis XVI, faced with mounting economic problems and social unrest, sought a solution to the fiscal crisis and growing dissatisfaction within the country. By summoning the Estates-General, the king aimed to seek advice, gain support for fiscal reforms, and address the grievances of the Third Estate. However, the assembly's meeting in 1789 ultimately led to the formation of the National Assembly and ignited the French Revolution as the Third Estate demanded more representation and equality, leading to profound political and social transformations in France.
