The phenomenon described in the question is an example of coevolution.
Evolution refers to the changes that occur in organisms as they metamorphose from one form to another over a given time interval. The changes that occur in one specie usually affects the changes that occur in related species. This is known as coevolution.
Hence, if fossils of canines were found on opposite sides of a mountain range and they belong to species that are anatomically similar, but the climates were extremely different on each side of the range, it is an example of coevolution.
Learn more about coevolution: https://brainly.com/question/1489642