How did Charlemagne's relationship with the church benefit both parties?
This benefited society, and his empire, but for very little time. -Charlemagne helped Leo 111 because he needed support of someone with an army. -In return, the pope crowned him Holy Roman Emperor in 800 CE.
Why was there a need for order after the death of Charlemagne in 814?
Weak rulers who followed him couldn't defend the empire against the new waves of invasion. Also, there were more barbarians and lots of fighting.
Where did monarchs get their power?
They got their power from maintaining control of their kingdoms and few had enough wealth to keep their own armies.
-had to rely on vassals
-got power from god
Describe the three basic stages for a boy to become a knight.
1- boy started as a page, or servant
2- at age 7, he left home and went to live at the castle of a lord, who was often a relative.
3- they had to learn how to ride a horse and received religious instruction from the local priest or friar.
What responsibilities did knights have in the feudal system?
They lived by a strong code of behavior called chivalry. They were expected to be loyal to their church and lord, to be just and fair, and to protect the helpless.
What were the responsibilities of peasants in the feudal system?
-worked the land
-couldn't leave manor, own property , or marry without consent of The Lord.
-their labor freed lords and knights to spend time preparing for war or fighting.
-raised crops and tended livestock
-required to grind their grain at the lords mill.
Why is William the Conquerer considered an important monarch?
William defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings and established a line of Norman kings in England.
What responsibilities did lords have in the feudal system?
The lords managed and defended his land and the people who worked in it.
What was the role of the noblewomen in the feudal system?
-ran estates
-sat as judges in manor courts
-sent their knights to serve in times of war
-also, cooks, servants, craftspeople, and grooms
What were some of the difficulties or challenges of being a peasant or serf?
-might owe The Lord numerous taxes
-"tied" to the land they worked
-couldn't leave lord's land without permission, and they had to farm his fields in exchange for a small plot of their own.
Clovis
-first king of the Franks (496 AD)
-became Catholic winning support of the kingdom
-his wife is Catholic
Charles Martel
-Mayor of the palace - most powerful noble
-wanted to unite all Frankish nobles which became the beginning of feudalism
-Battle of Tours in 732 AD kept Islam from spreading to Europe.
Pepin the Short
-Son of Charles Martel
-King of Franks
-Defeated the Lombards and gave the Pope Papal States.
Monarch
Kings and queens
Lords/ladies
Members of the nobility, the highest ranking class in the medieval society.
Chivalry
The medieval knight's code of ideal behavior, including bravery, loyalty, and respect for noble women.
Peasants
Peasants farmed the land and made the most of the necessary articles of life. Also, they were at the bottom of the social hierarchy.
Christianity
The religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus.
Charlemagne
The leader of the Franks from 768 to 814 C.E., who unified most of the Christian lands of Europe into a single empire.
