Order of increasing atomic radius:
O < H < S < I < Sr
Describe the trend of atomic radius.
The atomic radius measures the separation between an atom's nucleus and its farthest electrons.
The trend across a period
- Atoms' atomic radii typically decrease from left to right.
- As electrons are added to the same primary energy level, protons are gradually added to the nucleus.
- Because of the increased positive charge on the nucleus, these electrons are gradually drawn closer to it.
- Atomic sizes shrink as the strength of attraction between nuclei and electrons grows.
The trend down the group
- Within a group, atoms' atomic radii typically increase from top to bottom.
- Again, the positive nuclear charge rises as the atomic number decreases inside a group.
- The number of major energy levels that are occupied is increasing as well, though.
- The orbitals from higher primary energy levels have greater sizes than the orbitals from lower principal energy levels.
- Atomic radius increases down a group as a result of the stronger impact of the major energy levels outweighing the increase in nuclear charge.
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