Indicate whether each statement is true or false. 1. Specificity and memory are characteristics of adaptive and innate immunity. 2. Specificity involves the immune system’s ability to recognize a particular substance. 3. Memory involves the immune system’s ability to "remember" previous substances. 4. Memory and specificity speed up and lengthen the immune system’s reaction time.

Specificity and memory are characteristics of adaptive and innate immunity. FALSE
Specificity involves the immune system's ability to recognize a particular substance. TRUE
Memory involves the immune system's ability to "remember" previous substances. TRUE
Memory and specificity speed up and lengthen the immune system's reaction time. TRUE

Explanation:

Specificity and memory are not characteristic of adaptive and innate immunity

The term "memory", within the immune system, refers to the system's ability to remember pathogens it has already fought. This memory allows the pathogen to be fought more quickly. With that, we can say that memory involves the ability of the immune system to "remember" previous substances.

Specificity, on the other hand, is the term that refers to the ability of the immune system to recognize a diversity of different pathogens and provide a specific response for each pathogen. With that, we can say that specificity involves the ability of the immune system to recognize a specific substance.

Based on this, we can conclude that memory and specificity accelerate and prolong the reaction time of the immune system.