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Explain the structure of the DNA molecule. In your answer include the parts that make up the molecule, how these parts
are organized, the shape of the molecule and the relationship between DNA molecules and chromosomes.

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Diatonic254

Explanation:

The basic unit of DNA - nucleotide-  is a deoxyribose sugar (a 5-carbon cyclic sugar molecule) bonded to a phosphate molecule in the 4’ carbon and a nitrogenous base in the 1’ Carbon.

To form a chain of nucleotides, the phosphate group forms a covalent bond with the 2’ Carbon of the next nucleotide. Many bonded nucleotides form a single strand of DNA.  Two (2) anti-parallel strands come together to form a double helix structure where the interactions between their nitrogenous bases being complementary (A to T & C to G).

To fit these very long DNA strands in the small nucleus of a cell, the DNA is folded up into chromatin – a condensed form of DNA – that is folded around histone proteins. When cells are going through mitosis or meiosis, the chromatin is further condensed into chromosomes – the highest level of packaging DNA.

Learn More:

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maryjanewambui

Answer and Explanation:

The nucleic acid that forms chromosomes is called deoxyribonucleic acid( DNA). DNA is ade up of structural units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of three components linked together by covalent bonds.These are a five-carbon sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous organic base. The organic bases are four kinds: adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.

The nucleotides of DNA are covalently linked to one another forming long polynucleotide chains. The various bases stick out from the backbone at regular intervals forming variable part of the DNA molecule. The linking of bases across the two chains also called base pairing is specific in that adenine will only pairs with thymine and guanine will only pair with cytosine.

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