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Todd has trained for months to run a marathon and has followed a strict diet. When Todd's coach finds him snacking on donuts and neglecting his exercise regimen just days before the race, Todd tells his coach, "No one is perfect. We all give into temptation every once in a while." Todd is engaging in __________.

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Answer:  Transcendence

Options:

  • bolstering.
  • denial.
  • communicating.
  • transcendence.

Explanation:  

Transcendence is one of the methods individuals use to maintain consistency across their different behaviors and attitudes. Consistency theories identify the need for people to see a pattern in their behavior and actions, such that we see ourselves as being predicable to some extent. When we identify inconsistency in our own behaviors, it makes us uncomfortable and we create reasons for them.  

Transcendence makes use of the general truth that nobody is perfect to justify inconsistency in our behavior and attitude. Other methods are denial, rationalization and persuasion .

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