Justin was employed as an auto mechanic with Madison & Sons Auto Shop. Mr. Madison employed 20 mechanics in each of his facilities in Denver, Colorado. Justin was the only African-American mechanic and had been employed by Mr. Madison for approximately nine years. He applied for a promotion to the chief mechanic on four separate occasions and each time, the promotion was given to a white male with less seniority and less experience. After being denied the promotion for the fifth time, Justin filed a discrimination claim with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Justin's employment was terminated by Mr. Madison after the EEOC contacted Mr. Madison concerning the claim. Which of the following will hold true in this scenario?
a. Mr. Madison cannot be held liable because Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 covers only employers with more than 50 employees.
b. Mr. Madison can use the bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) defense to protect himself against Justin’s discrimination claim.
c. Mr. Madison may be found liable for the violation of the antidiscrimination and the antiretaliation provisions under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
d. Mr. Madison cannot be held liable because Justin is an at-will employee.