Respuesta :
Answer:
(a) AL
(b) Sc
(c)Al
Explanation:
Ionization Energy is the energy required to remove electrons from the outer most orbitals of atom.
The higher the electron is on energy level the farther its from nucleus and more loosely bonded thus need lesser energy.
By looking at electron configuration we can figure out which electron will need more energy.
(a)Na, Mg, Al
1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶,4s², 3d¹
Na₁₁ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s¹
Mg₁₂ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s²
Al₁₃ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 2p¹
Al will have lowest IE₃ as its third electron will be in highest energy level and more loosely bonded to nucleus.
(b) K, Ca, Sc
K₁₉⇒1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶,4s²
Ca₂₀⇒1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶,4s²
Sc₂₁⇒1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶,4s², 3d¹
Sc will have lowest IE₃ as its third electron will be in highest energy level and more loosely bonded to nucleus.
(c) Li, Al, B
Li₃ ⇒ 1s², 2s¹
Al₁₃ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 2p¹
B₅ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p¹
Al will have lowest IE₃ as its third electron will be in highest energy level and more loosely bonded to nucleus.
Answer:
A. Al
B. Sc
C. Al
Explanation:
The third ionisation energy is the energy required to an extra electron from a +2 ion or the energy required to remove the third electron from an element.
Lithium - 1s2 2s1
Sodium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Magnesium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
Aluminium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Potassium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
Calcium- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
Boron - 1s2 2s2 2p1
Scandium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2
Removing 2 electrons,
Li2+- 1s1
Na2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p5
Mg2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6
Al2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
K2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
Ca2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
Boron - 1s2 2s1
Scandium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
So comparing,
A. Na, Mg, Al
The third electron is lost from a p- orbital and the energy level of p- is less than s- orbital but 3s is way less than the 2p so the lowest third ionisation energy is Al
B. K, Ca, Sc
The third electrons are lost from the 3p orbital in K and Ca but in 4s in Sc and if you remember, 4s has a lesser energy level than 3p orbital. So, Sc has the lowest third ionisation energy.
C. Li, Al, B
Al has the lowest third ionisation energy because Li loses its from 1s which is closest to the nucleus and B from 2s which is also close to the nucleus.
