Following carbon atoms around the Calvin cycle:
The net reaction of the Calvin cycle is the conversion of CO₂ into the three-carbon sugar G₃P. Along the way, reactions rearrange carbon atoms among intermediate compounds and use the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions. In this exercise, you will track carbon atoms through the Calvin cycle as required for the net production of one molecule of G₃P.
For each intermediate compound in the Calvin cycle, identify the number of molecules of that intermediate and the total number of carbon atoms contained in those molecules. As an example, the output G₃P is labeled for you: 1 molecule with a total of 3 carbon atoms.
Labels may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a. 3 molecules 3 carbons
b. 6 molecules 18 carbons
c. 6 molecules 18 carbons
d. 5 molecules 15 carbons
e. 3 molecules 15 carbons
f. 3 molecules 15 carbons

From the attached image, each step corresponds with a net number of molecules produced. The corresponding organic molecules as inputs for each stage, have a fixed number of carbons within their structure...

Stage 1… Fixation

Step a: 3 molecules 3 carbons- 3 molecules of inorganic CO2= 3 carbons

Stage 2… Reduction of 3 PGA

Step b: 6 molecules 18 carbons--> 6 molecules of the 3 carbon molecule 3PGA= 18 Carbons

Step c: 6 molecules 18 carbons--> 6 molecules of the 3 carbon molecule Ga3P= 18 Carbons

Stage 3.... Regeneration of RuBP

Step d: 5 molecules 15 carbons- 1 GA3P sent to cytoplasm for carbohydrate production leaving 5 molecules of the 3 carbon molecule GA3P, intermediates are produced= 15 Carbons

Step e: 3 molecules 15 carbons- 3 molecules of RP a 5 carbon molecule=15 Carbons. RP is phosphorylated to produce RuBP ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

Step f: 3 molecules 15 carbons- 3 molecules of RuBP, a 5 carbon molecule is used for the next round of fixation= 15 Carbons

Further explanation:

Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate-limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature, and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent.

Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cells with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent; it reduces the molecule NADP to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.

During the initial stage of the Calvin cycle, three molecules of ribulose bisphosphate, RuBP are reduced and carbon is fixed from an inorganic CO2 to an organic form by the enzyme RuBisCO. With every molecule of CO2 fixed, 2 molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid are produced. 3-PGA is a 3 carbon molecule with a phosphate attached. ...with each revolution of the cycle, a molecule of RuBP and one CO2 form 3 molecules of 3-PGA

Next, NADPH and ATP facilitate the addition of electrons to or reduction of 6 molecules of 3PGA to 6 molecules of G3P (glyeraldehyde 3-phosphate). The process uses 6 molecules of ATP and 6 of NADPH, after which the conversion of NADPH and ATP to ADP and NADP+ occur; these are returned to the light-dependent reactions.

A molecule of G3P, goes to the cytoplasm from this cycle, to form other complex molecules. Fixing sufficient carbon for this G3P export requires 3 revolutions of the cycle. Since two molecules of G3P are made per revolution, 3 turns make 6 G3Ps; 5 of these are used to regenerate RuBP for further fixation.

Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’s cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis). The electron transport chain, in which oxygen functions as the terminal electron acceptor occurs in both plants and animals.

Learn more about Photosynthesis at brainly.com/question/4216541

Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903

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