The normal boiling point of water is 100ºC and the normal boiling point of ethanol is 78.5ºC. These two liquids are soluble in each other. What technique would you use to separate these two liquids from the solution?

Fractional Distillation is the appropriate technique to separate a mixture of ethanol and water because this technique relies on the difference between the boiling point of liquid substances.

The boiling point of ethanol is 78.5ºC and the boiling point of water is 100ºC, so when these substances are heated, ethanol will evaporate at 78.5ºC and water will remain as a liquid while the temperature doesn't reach the boiling point of water.

The mixture is poured into a round bottle flask and is heated until ethanol's boiling point is reached (78.5ºC). Ethanol turns into a gas and rises through a fractioning column attached to the flask. The vapour lows its temperature along the column and when the temperature at the top of the column reaches 78.5ºC ethanol passes to a condenser.

A condenser is an apparatus attached to the column that causes the condensation of the vapour. Once ethanol passes through the condenser it turns into a liquid which is collected in a beaker.

When all the ethanol is collected, the temperature is raised to the boiling point of water (100ºC) and it is collected in a different beaker.

That way ethanol will be in a flask and water in another flask.

Larus Larus · Answer 2 · 2022-02-17T14:59:57+01:00

Fractional distillation would be use to separate the mixture of water and ethanol.

What is fractional distillation?

It refers to the technique in which the separation of the mixture into its fractions or component parts is done. In the process, the chemical compounds are segregated by heating them to a temperature at which vaporization of one or more fractions of the mixture takes place. In the process, distillation is used to fractionate.

Usually in the process, the components to be separated exhibit boiling points, which vary by less than 45 degree F or 25 degree C from each other under a pressure of 1 atm. One of the example is the distillation of a mixture of ethanol and water.

The boiling of ethanol takes place at 78.5 degree C, while boiling of water takes place at 100 degree C. Therefore, by heating the mixture, ethanol, that is, the most volatile component will concentrate to a greater degree in the vapor and leave the mixture.

Thus, by the process of fractional distillation, the two liquids, that is, ethanol and water can be separated from the solution.

Find out more information about fractional distillation here:

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