Based on the recognition that states differ in their resource endowments of land, labor, and capital, a theory developed arguing that states should trade based on their ________, whereby each state produces and exports those products that it can produce most efficiently relative to other states. a. comparative advantage b. national interest c. competitive trading bloc d. absolute advantage e. floating exchange rates

Comparative advantage is an economic concept that aims to explain differences in production and trade between two different countries or nations, based on the same product. The idea is to analyze which stakeholder has the lowest opportunity cost of the same good. Opportunity cost is a concept associated with productive efficiency, which aims to measure how much a country fails to earn in other activities when deciding a given good. Thus, the country with the lowest opportunity cost will have greater productive efficiency and, consequently, will have the comparative advantage in the production of the good. Thus, this country will specialize in the production of this good and other countries will produce other goods for which their respective opportunity costs are lower. Then countries trade products in international trade and everyone wins.