Respuesta :
Explanation:
The reaction between hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion will be as follows.
[tex]H^{+} + OH^{-} \rightarrow H_{2}O[/tex]
so, ratio between hydrogen and hydroxide ions is 1 : 1.
Therefore, moles of [tex]H^{+}[/tex] = volume × concentration of [tex]H^{+}[/tex]
= [tex]150 mL \times frac{1 L}{1000 mL} \times 0.4 M[/tex]
= 0.06 mol
Similarly, moles of [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] = volume × concentration of [tex]OH^{-}[/tex]
= [tex]200 mL \times frac{1 L}{1000 mL} \times 0.5 M[/tex]
= 0.1 mol
Therefore, ratio of moles of hydrogen and hydroxide ions is as follows.
0.06 : 0.1
= 0.6 : 1
As, hydroxide ions are present in excess so, hydrogen ions are the limiting reagent.
Hence, moles of water formed = moles of [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ions = 0.06 mol.
So, heat released = moles of [tex]H_{2}O \times \Delta H_{neutralization}[/tex]
= 0.062 × 62.0 kJ/mol
= 3.72 kJ
= 3.72 × 1000 J
= 3720 J
Let T is the initial temperature. So,
Heat released = Heat absorbed by the solution
= [tex]m \times C \times \Delta T[/tex]
3720 J = [tex]350 g \times 4.184 j/g ^{0}C \times (26.5 - T)[/tex]
T = [tex]24.0 ^{o}C[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that initial temperature is [tex]24.0 ^{o}C[/tex].
The change in the enthalpy due to the reaction between the acid and base to form a neutral salt is called the enthalpy of neutralization. The initial temperature of the neutralization reaction is [tex]\rm 24 ^{\circ} C[/tex].
What is the relation between heat and temperature?
The formula for heat can be given as, [tex]\rm Q = m \times C \times \times \Delta T[/tex]
The reaction can be shown as:
[tex]\rm H^{+} + OH^{-} \rightarrow H_{2}O[/tex]
From the reaction, it can be seen that the ratio of hydrogen and hydroxide ions = 1 : 1.
So, moles of hydroxide ions:
[tex]\begin{aligned}\rm moles &= \rm volume \times \text{concentration of hydrogen ion}\\\\&= 0.15 \times 0.4 \;\rm M\\\\&= 0.06 \;\rm mol\end{aligned}[/tex]
Similarly, moles of hydroxide ion can be calculated as:
[tex]\begin{aligned}\rm moles &=\rm volume \times \text{concentration of hydroxide ion}\\\\&= 0.2 \times 0.5\;\rm M\\\\&= 0.1 \;\rm mol\end{aligned}[/tex]
Hence, the ratio of moles of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions = 0.6 : 1
Hydrogen ions are the limiting reagent and the hydroxide ions are in excess.
Thus, moles of water formed = 0.06 mol
Heat released will be calculated as:
[tex]\begin{aligned}\rm heat\;\rm released &= \text{ moles of }\rm H_{2} \times \Delta H_{\rm neutralization}\\\\&= 0.062 \times 62.0 \;\rm kJ/mol\\\\&= 3.72 \times 1000 \;\rm J\\\\&= 3720\;\rm J\end{aligned}[/tex]
When T is the initial temperature then, the heat released = heat absorbed by the solution.
[tex]\begin{aligned}\rm Q &=\rm m \times C \times \times \Delta T\\\\3720 &= 350 \times 4.184 \times (26.5 - \rm T)\\\\&= 24 ^{\circ }\rm C\end{aligned}[/tex]
Therefore, [tex]\rm 24 ^{\circ} C[/tex] is the initial temperature.
Learn more about temperature and heat here:
https://brainly.com/question/26501448
