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When an antigen enters the body, the immune system launches an attack against it by the production of antibodies. They are produced by the white blood cells called the B lymphocytes or the B cells. The antigen binds to the B-cell surface and stimulates the B cell to undergo clonal selection producing a group of identical cells called a clone. They divide by mitosis and produce the plasma cells and the memory cells. The plasma cells produce antibodies which destroy the antigen. This is the primary immune response and a mechanism of humoral immunity. The memory cells keep circulating in the body and respond by producing antibodies on encountering the same antigen again, generating the secondary immune response.
In this question, we will know the stages of the immunological response from the molecular recognition of the aggressive agents to tissue recovery with the functional restoration of the tissue or organ.
Antigen and Antibody
The immune system responds to the antigen by producing a substance called an antibody, which is specific to that antigen. The antibody has the function of eliminating the antigens. The reaction between the antigen and the antibody follows the key-lock model, due to its specificity.
Stages
- Molecular recognition of aggressive agents
- Activation of intracellular biochemical pathways that result in vascular and tissue changes
- Production of a myriad of mediators with local and systemic effects in the context of cell activation and proliferation
- Synthesis of new products involved in chemoattraction and migration of cells specialized in the destruction and removal of the offending agent
- and finally tissue recovery with the functional restoration of the tissue or organ.
With this information, we know the stages of the immune response from the molecular recognition of the aggressive agents to tissue recovery with the functional restoration of the tissue or organ.
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