[tex]\bf \begin{array}{llll} \textit{logarithm of factors} \\\\ log_a(xy)\implies log_a(x)+log_a(y) \end{array}~\hfill \begin{array}{llll} \textit{Logarithm of rationals} \\\\ log_a\left( \frac{x}{y}\right)\implies log_a(x)-log_a(y) \end{array} \\\\[-0.35em] \rule{34em}{0.25pt}[/tex]
[tex]\bf \log_{12}\left( \cfrac{~~\frac{1}{2}~~}{8w} \right)\implies \begin{array}{llll} \log_{12}\left( \frac{1}{2} \right)&-&\log_{12}(8w)\\\\ \log_{12}(1)-\log_{12}(2)&-&[\log_{12}(8)+\log_{12}(w)] \end{array} \\\\[-0.35em] \rule{34em}{0.25pt}\\\\ ~\hfill \log_{12}(1)-\log_{12}(2)-\log_{12}(8)-\log_{12}(w)~\hfill[/tex]
