Kingdom Animalia is divided into seven phyla. Phylum Chordata includes vertebrates (animals with spinal columns and spinal cords). The other six phyla are made up of invertebrates (animals without spinal columns and spinal cords). The presence or absence of a spine is the physical characteristic that is used to divide animals into two main clades.
Cladograms represent the evolution of organisms as new characters emerge. The cladogram representing most of the major categories of animals divides animals into vertebrates and invertebrates.
A Cladogram is a graph drown as a tree, which is based on cladistic analysis.
The tree-type graph is a ramified diagram that represents the relationship between the involved taxa. It represents the common ancestral relationships and the emergence of different characters among the involved groups.
The cladogram represents the relationship between groups according to a derived character and follows the maximum parsimony criterium.
A derivated character is any trait that a group passes to its descendants. Through evolution, the characters change, and new changes are added. When referring to a derivate character, we mean that all the subsequent species in the cladogram carry the trait.
According to the evolution of characters, animals are separated into two different groups. These groups are represented by the presence or absence of the vertebral column. These are
In a cladogram, you will first find the invertebrate group -that, among animals, were the first to emerge in evolution- and then vertebrates.
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