The American businessmen living in Hawaii responded with a coup that overthrew the monarchy, backed by the U.S marines and the U.S minister to Hawaii. They established a provisional government headed by Mr. Dole. U.S. President Grover Cleveland opposed the provisional government and called for the restoration of the queen, but the committee established the Republic of Hawaii instead. Two years later, after a failed coup to restore the monarchy, the queen abdicated. In 1898, the U.S annexed Hawaii.
