Answer and explanation;
-The pharmacological importance of enantiomers. L-Dopa is a drug used to treat Parkinson's disease, a disorder of the central nervous system. The drug's enantiomer, the mirror-image molecule designated D-Dopa, has no effect on patients.
-The concept of enantiomers is important in the pharmaceutical industry because the two enantiomers of a drug may not be equally effective. In some cases, one of the isomers may even produce harmful effects. This was the case with thalidomide, a drug prescribed for thousands of pregnant women in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The drug was a mixture of two enantiomers.
-One enantiomer reduced morning sickness, the desired effect, but the other caused severe birth defects. The differing effects of enantiomers in the body demonstrate that organisms are sensitive to even the most subtle variations in molecular architecture. Once again, we see that molecules have emergent properties that depend on the specific arrangement of their atoms.
Certain drugs may have isomers which may not have any effect.
Many molecules that are used as drugs work based on a lock and key model. The molecule fits exactly into its substrate and achieves the desired result.
Some drug molecules have isomers which have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. An example is (±)- ibuprofen in which only one isomer has analgesic effect while the other isomer is inactive.
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