Answer: c. Â
In a  competitive market, there are many producers competing to provide consumers the products they needed and thus they cannot dictate prices.
If a surplus occurs, there is an excess of quantity supplied and since producers won't be able to sell all their products, they tend or are forced to lower their price.
The reverse happens when there is a shortage. When there is less supply in the market, price increases.
Surplus and shortage in a competitive market, therefore, will cause shifts in the demand and supply curves that tend to eliminate the surplus or shortage.
