A portion of a company's strategy is always developed on the fly because
a. any time the market leader's strategy changes, a company has to quickly try to imitate as many of these changes as is feasible.
b. regular fine-tuning of a company's strategy is essential to achieving a sustainable competitive advantage over rivals.
c. company strategies have a short life and frequent strategy changes are normal and customary to keep the strategy fresh and in step with shifting competitive conditions.
d. a company must do everything possible (in the way of price, quality, service, warranties, advertising, and so on) to clearly differentiate the company's product/service from the product/service offerings of rivals.
e. managers must always be willing to supplement or modify various proactive strategy elements with as- needed reactions to unanticipated happenings in the surrounding environment.