Which of the following is NOT true of bypass reactions that are used to reverse a metabolic pathway?
a. The have AG 0
b. They must maintain the same change in oxidation state of the carbon substrate as the reaction they reverse
c. An effective bypass reaction for a sugar kinase is a sugar phosphatase
d. It may require multiple reactions in a reverse pathway to bypass what was one reaction in the forward pathway
e. They are usually the most highly regulated steps in a metabolic pathway