A simple pendulum consists of a small ball of mass m = 200g swinging on a massless, inextensible string of length R = 7m. At time t = 0 the pendulum is released from the horizontal position as shown below. A short time later, the pendulum reaches the bottom of its swing and encounters a nail sitcking out of the page a distance L = 6m below the pivot point. The pendulum begins to wrap around the nail, and at time t = ttop it is at the top of its first rotation