A unilateral lesion affecting corticonuclear fibers commonly has no effect on voluntary chewing, swallowing, or phonating. Also, upper facial muscles that control forehead and brow movement are spared. Presumably, the neuromuscular apparatus directly affecting these motor functions is influenced by corticonuclear fibers of ___________ sides. Corticonuclear lesions that do affect these functions must be ___________.

Q&A Education