One version of this programming language was developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs, while a successor version was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup for the same company. Originally named with Classes, it took its current name in 1983, indicating the value of a variable. As of 2017, the two versions of this programming language are the 2nd and 3rd most common, behind only Java. For 10 points, name this programming language, with its most recent version being 17, released in 2017.
a) Python
b) C++
c) Java
d) Ruby