We believe that Black people should not be forced to fight in the military service to defend a racist government that does not protect us. We will not fight and kill other people of color in the work who, like black people are being victimized by the white racist government of America. We will protect ourselves from the force and violence of the racist police and the racist military, by whatever means necessary. --Black Panther Party Platform, October 1966 The approach in the excerpt was most directly in opposition to the approach promoted by the--
-pan-african movemnet
-southern christian leadership conference
-universal negro improvement Association of african communities (imperial) league
-Black national movement
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