Congress enacts a law establishing a new federal agency led by a five-person commission to set federal privacy policies for technology companies. Each commissioner is appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate, and can only be removed from office prior to the expiration of their 11-year terms "for cause." The new agency is led by a chief officer, who is appointed by the commissioners and can only be fired by the commissioners for "good cause." If the process for appointing and removing the chief officer is subject to a constitutional challenge, a reviewing court is likely to hold that the process is:
a) Unconstitutional, as it violates the President's power to remove executive officers at will
b) Constitutional, as the agency's independence justifies the restrictions on removal
c) Unconstitutional, as it undermines the checks and balances between the branches of government
d) Constitutional, as it aligns with the appointment and removal powers delegated by Congress