Federal law requires colleges, including state universities, to report certain information to the federal government such as the number of crimes that occurred on campus. If a reviewing court upheld the reporting requirement against a suit alleging the requirement violated the Constitution, it would likely be because:
(a) the requirement requires the purely ministerial reporting of information only
(b) the SC requires state compliance with all duly enacted federal laws
(c) in the aggregate, campus crime substantially affects interstate commerce
(d) it is valid under the necessary and proper clause