Which of the following reactions is anaplerotic (replenishes intermediate pools) for the citric
acid cycle?
a. Pyruvate + HCO3− + ATP → oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi + H+
b. Malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
c. Oxaloacetate + GTP → phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 + GDP
d. Oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA → citrate + CoA
e. Citrate + ATP + CoA → oxaloacetate + ADP + acetyl-CoA + Pi