Quicker journeys (by the 1840s voyages were increasingly undertaken in steamships and, from the 1860s, in purpose-built passenger steamships), the availability of land to be grabbed at the frontiers, and more regular mail services transformed both the image and the ease of settlement, increasing the flow of free settlers. Just how dramatic that transformation could be can be demonstrated by two examples concerning, first, Dorset labourers and, second, the explosive growth of Melbourne.

a) By the 1840s, what mode of transportation contributed significantly to quicker journeys for settlers?

b) In the 1860s, what type of ships became increasingly popular for voyages, further enhancing the ease of settlement?

c) What factor played a crucial role in the increased flow of free settlers, as mentioned in the passage?

d) The growth of Melbourne is attributed to what significant transformation mentioned in the passage?