One of the most common modes of failure of gear teeth is banding failure which can eventualy result in breakage of the tooth. Which of the following best describes the causes, and some of the measures that can be taken to prevent this form of fallurs.

a. Maximum stresses occur at the point of contact between the teeth:
- Stress concentrations due to pits or small fillet radii can increase these stresses:
- Failure is due to fatigue loading. and is worse because of shock loads; - Bending strength can be improved by selecting materials with high surface hardness values, such as carburised steels;
- Carburising can introduce compressive stresses which reduces bending strength;
- Grinding can introduce further tensile stresses, which reduces bending strength.