If a buffer solution is 0.200 M in a weak acid (Kₐ=8.9×10⁻⁵) and 0.540 M in its conjugate base, what is the pH? (a) Define and explain the concept of a buffer solution, emphasizing the role of weak acids and their conjugate bases.
(b) Provide the relevant equation or expressions that relate the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base to the pH of the buffer solution.
(c) Outline the steps involved in calculating the pH of the given buffer solution, incorporating the information about the weak acid and its conjugate base.