What hydroxide concentration is required to: (A) Initiate precipitation of Al³⁺ from a 5.00 x 10^-3 M solution of Al₂(SO₄)₃? (b) Lower the Al³⁺ concentration in the foregoing solution to 1.00 x 10^-9 M? (C) Discuss the relevant chemical reactions and principles involved in determining the hydroxide concentration needed to initiate precipitation from the given aluminum sulfate solution. (D) Explain the concept of lowering the Al³⁺ concentration to a specific level and the associated hydroxide concentration required.

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