Large retail chains such as McDonald's and big-box stores such as Walmart have driven down prices as well as cost of labor. As these businesses have spread around the world, they have also _______.

A. led to a backlash of mom-and-pop stores developing in town centers
B. increased our choices of available products
C. decreased the number of outsourced primary and secondary jobs that had moved to semiperipheral or peripheral countries
D. released decisions about hiring, wages, stock, and menus to local control
E. contributed to the homogenization of consumer markets