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Shifty shrubs A team of researchers noted that a species of shrubs in North America has shifted its range northward during the last 30 years. Based on this observation, the researchers concluded that global warming pushed this species toward a cooler region. However, a second team of researchers decided to measure the thermal niche of the species in the laboratory, discovering that the critical thermal maximum exceeds the highest temperatures that this species experienced in the past or present. This second team also noted that several species of birds, which help to disperse the seeds of the shrubs, have shifted their ranges northward in the past 30 years. Use this information and your knowledge about biology to answer questions 31-35. 31. The first team of researchers drew their conclusion from knowledge of the fundamental niche. True False 2.5 points QUESTION 32 The second team of researchers measured the realized niche of shrubs. True False 2.5 points QUESTION 33 To verify that shrubs could live at lower latitudes, the second team of researchers would need to transplant some shrubs southward while replanting others in the current range. True False 2.5 points QUESTION 34 The species of shrubs could have shifted northward because southern climates became too warm or dry for the species of birds that disperse seeds. True False 2.5 points QUESTION 35 The geographic range of this species of shrubs will likely remain the same as Earth warms during the next three decades. True False

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