For each of the following unrelated transactions, record the journal entry that would be made by a non-governmental, not-for-profit organization involved in medical research. If no journal entry is recorded, explain why there is no journal entry.
a) The entity received $1,500 in cash contributions. Of that amount, $1,000 is to be used for medical research.
b) The entity received pledges of $700,000 for its endowment fund. All pledges will be collected next year.
c) The entity received donated services of $1,200 from medical researchers who helped with the entity's on-going drug development research. It also received $300 in donated services from students, who helped clean the research facilities.
d) The entity paid medical research operating expenses of $5,000 that were related to restricted net assets it had received in prior years.