EXERCISE 2: SAND CUP CITY 10. In your dry cup of sand, create a "city" with your washers and nails by standing them up on end in the sand. This dry sand represents unconsolidated sediment. Create an "earth- quake" by holding the cup level about 2" off of the table and dropping it. Describe what happened to the buildings in your city. How did they fare? 11. Remove the buildings from the cup. Use the spray bottle to wet the top 2 mm or so of the sand. This damp sand represents consolidated sediment. Re-create your city. Do you think your city will do better or worse in the consolidated sediment? 12. Create another "earthquake." Describe what happened to the buildings in your city. Did they fare well? 13. Remove the buildings from the cup. Now saturate your sand with water by taking the top off the spray bottle and slowly pouring water in. You want to get the sand so that all the pore space is filled with water, but you shouldn't have a bunch of water standing on top of the sand. This sand represents super-saturated sediment. Re-create your city. Form a hypothesis describing what you think will happen to the buildings when you create an earthquake in this scenario. Do you think the buildings will fare better or worse than the other two scenarios? 14. Create an earthquake. You may need to drop it a few times to really see a result. a. What happened to your buildings? b. Was your hypothesis supported? C. Based on what you learned in the recorded lecture, what is this phenomenon called?