3. In the Bell experiment, the outcomes of measurements done on Particle #2 depend non- locally on the outcomes of measurements done on Particle #1 (and vice-versa). So, for in- stance, if at time t=0 Particle #1 is measured to have spin-down-along-z-axis, then instantane- ously, Particle #2 will be in a state of spin-up-along-z-axis, and so when measured, will yield the value spin-up. Explain, in your own words, why this non-locality of measurement outcome dependence cannot be used to send instantaneous signals across great distances. In particu- lar, suppose Alice and Bob are very (very) far apart, and Alice wants to send Bob a signal to push a certain Button. What’s wrong with the following protocol? (Suppose Alice has Particle #1 in her possession and Bob has Particle #2 and both particles are in an entangled state.)
Alice’s instructions: At time t=0 measure the Spin-along-z-axis of Particle #1.
Bob’s instructions: At time t=0 measure the Spin-along-z-axis of Particle #2. If it’s spin-
up, push the Button. If it’s spin-down, don’t push the button.