* 1. Löwy believes that the main problem with traditional kinds of socialism is that it A. only represents the voice of the working classes. B. has historically shown little concern with the environment. C. concentrates too much on ecological sustainability. D. does not contribute to building Ecosocialism. E. inevitably leads to bureaucratic authoritarianism. * 2. A main problem with most environmentalism is that it A. shows little concern with people's livelihoods. B. ignores the fate of ecosystems. C. represents only the perspective of farmers. D. is a predominantly Marxist point of view. E. has nothing to say about population growth. * 3 . The basic tenets of Ecosocialism include A. producing to fulfil social needs without worrying about ecosystems. B. maintaining some forms of social inequality. C. bureaucratic control over investment decisions. D. collective ownership of the means of production. E. prioritising free-market institutions. *4. Kovel defines Ecosocialism as A. the combination of the best of capitalism with the best of socialism. B. a red-green movement guided by exchange value. C. an ecocentric mode of production. D. an anthropocentric mode of production. E. socialism without productivism. *5. According to Ostrom, the following is one of the principles that make commons stable: A. unclear resource boundaries. B. rules that are understood only by few people in a community. C. mutual monitoring among community members. D. centralised decision-making by elected individuals. E. strong state monitoring of individual behaviours. * 6 . The First Ecosocialist Manifesto was written in A. 2001 . B. 2007 . C. 2009 . D. 1991 . E. 2021 . * 7 . The Belém Declaration A. Iacks details about general Ecosocialist policies. B. was written before the first Ecosocialist Manifesto. C. supports policies like the Kyoto Protocol. D. insists that revolution must include the most oppressed peoples. E. was a demand for seed sovereignty, leading to the Seed Law in Venezuela. * 8. One of the policies expressed in the Belém Declaration is A. replacing fossil fuels with nuclear power. B. the full mechanisation of farming systems. C. green architecture. D. the promotion of automated or self-driving vehicles. * 9 . An example of ecological thought in Marx is A. a concern over the intrinsic value of nature. B. conceptualising humanity as separate from nature. C. recognising nature as a source of value. D. the centrality of landform evolution to his labour-theory of value. E. all of the above. * 10. William Morris was a A. Fabian socialist. B. Marxist poet. C. member of the Frankfurt School. D. founder of the Forest Alliance. E. Bolshevik bioregionalist. * 11 . Which of the following regarded the notion of the domination of nature as an imperialist doctrine? A. Anatoly Lunacharsky. B. Rudolf Bahro. C. Walter Benjamin. D. André Gorz. E. Lenin. * 12. Commodity fetishism A. results from human subjectivity. B. is a form of radical democracy. C. is the belief that commodities are independent of people. D. means that commodities depend on human labour. E. characterises the foundations of Systems Theory.