Read the following passage and answer questions that follow

1.Poverty reduction has become one of the most pressing concerns of our time. Poverty cannot be equated merely with insufficient income. We are dealing with a complex multidimensional phenomenon closely linked to illness, illiteracy, infant mortality and the degradation of the environment, among many others. Up to now. tourism has not been accorded a substantial role in the majority of poverty reduction strategies: drawn up by developmental aid organizations. The strong and sustained rise of tourism over the past fifty years is one of the most remarkable economy, social and cultural phenomena of our time. The events of September 11 dealt a severe blow to this major industry, but is already back on the path of growth. The number of international tourist arrivals luas grown from 25 million in 1950 to 693 in 2001. This is equivalent to an average annual growth of 7 percent over a period of 50 years.

2. The revenues generated by this arrivals excluding air line ticket sales and revenues from domestic tourism have grown by 11 percent a year over the same span of time. This rate of growth far outstrips that of the world economy as a whole. International tourism receipts reached 462 billion dollars in 2001, making it one of the largest categories of international trade. Depending on the year, this trade volume equals or exceeds that of oil and petroleum product exports or that of cars and transport equipment.

3.The number of international tourists arrivals is expected to surpass 1.5 billion in 2020-a threefold increase within a generation. The central question is whether we can harness this activity's potential to poverty alleviation. The initial signs indicate that this is indeed possible. Over the past decade, the annual growth of tourist arrivals in developing countries has been higher than the world average. In 1990s, such countries experienced strong growth in their international tourism receipts, which demonstrates the existence of'u competitive advantage in favour of them. Considering all the activities together, tourism accounts for more than a sixth of their non-petroleum exports far are surpassing their second and the third largest exports carners (cotton and textiles). Tourism has thus become one of the main components of the GDP of these countries,

4.The revealing figures show the important place tourian already occupies in counties that suffer from extreme poverty. Considering the speed with which the tourism industry is developing all over the world and the potential of developing countries in general, and that of LDCs in particular. It possible to Substantially improve on the results currently being obtained. Would not the situation of LDCs such as Jgypt, Myanmar,Senegal, Tanzania, Sao Tomeand Principe, and many others oc much drier were it not for tourism? And where would the economie future of Cambodia, Nepal, Cape Verde, the Comoros, Hati Yemen, the Caribbean Islands and many others lie if not in tourist development?
5.Furthermore, in all of these countries,we can see the crucial contribution of tourism-generated foreign exchange receipts to the balance of pavements. Such revenues reduce the foreign debt and their dependence on a single export sector. Conuary to an oft-repeated misconception tourism revenues in most developing counties are much larger than the induced imports or repatriation of benefits that it may generate. Due to the above reasons, tourism can play a major role in improving the living standard of LDCs and help them lift themselves above the poverty line.
1. 'This' paragraph 1 refers to
A.the remarkable economic, social and cultural progress
B.an average growth of 7 percent over a period of fifty years
C.the event of September 11
D.the number of international tourist arrivals

2."Revenue" in paragraph 5 denotes
A.cost
B.subsidy
C.income
D.capital

3. What does the pronoun them in paragraph 5 refer to?
A.the developing countries
B.international aid
C.the LDCs
D.the most developed countries
4. The word alleviation inparagraph 3 means
A.repatriation
B.balance
C.control
D.reduction
5. What does the expression such revenues in paragraph 5 relate to?
A. value-added tax collected from tourists B.tourism-generated foreign exchange C.tax collected from agriculture
D.revenue generated from industry

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