Seasons 1. For the days below, how many hours of sunlight does a person at a latitude of 34°N (Riverside, CA) experience? a. On the vernal equinox a person at 34°N latitude experiences b. On the summer solstice a person at 34°N latitude experiences c. On the autumnal equinox a person at 34°N latitude experiences d. On the winter solstice a person at 34°N latitude experiences 2. On the vernal equinox, consider the length of the day at varying latitudes. a. Beginning at the equator and moving northward to the Arctic Circle, the length of the day (gets longer / gets shorter/ stays the same). hours of daylight. hours of daylight. hours of daylight. hours of daylight. b. Beginning at the equator and moving southward to the Antarctic Circle, the length of the day (gets longer/gets shorter / stays the same). 3. Will your answers to questions 2a and 2b change if it is now the autumnal equinox (instead of the vernal equinox)? (yes/no) If yes, how so? 4. On the summer solstice, consider the length of the day at varying latitudes. a. Beginning at the equator, and moving northward to the Arctic Circle, the length of the day (gets longer/gets shorter / stays the same). b. Beginning at the equator and moving southward to the Antarctic Circle, the length of the day (gets longer / gets shorter/ stays the same). 5. Will your answers to 4a and 4b change if it is now the winter solstice (instead of the summer solstice)? (yes/no) If yes, how so? 6. What is the declination of the Sun and observer's latitude for the following dates? a. On the vernal and autumnal equinoxes, the Sun's declination is the zenith for an observer located at a latitude of b. On the summer solstice the Sun's declination is an observer located at a latitude of c. On the winter solstice the Sun's declination is observer located at a latitude of 7. On October 10th the Sun is located directly above a. The equator, moving northward. b. The celestial equator, moving southward and the Sun is at the zenith for and the Sun is at the zenith for an c. A point between the equator and Tropic of Cancer, moving northward d. A point between the equator and Tropic of Cancer, moving southward and the Sun is at e. A point between the equator and Tropic of Capricom, moving northward f. A point between the equator and Tropic of Capricorn, moving southward g. The Tropic of Capricorn h. The Tropic of Cancer 8. Explain how the maximum transit altitude of the Sun changes with the seasons. a. For a location like Riverside, CA, what is the angular difference between the Sun's transit altitude on the Summer Solstice and the Winter Solstice? 9. Explain how the rising and setting locations of the Sun along the azimuth change with the seasons. 10. Where on Earth do you have to be in order to see the Sun at the zenith? a. As seen from such a location, will the Sun be at the zenith every day? 11. True or False: January is the colder than July because the Earth is located farther from the Sun in January. Explain your answer. 12. How would the seasons be different if the Earth's axial tilt was 0° instead of being inclined 23.5°? (This is approximately true for Mercury, Venus, and Jupiter.) 13. How would the seasons be different if the Earth's axial tilt was 90° instead of being inclined 23.5°? (This is approximately true for Uranus.)