In bond-line structures, hydrogen atoms and most atoms are not drawn. eTextbook and Media
A __________________is a characteristic group of atoms/bonds that show a predictable behavior.
a. reaction
functional group
valency
charge
When a carbon atom bears either a positive charge or a negative charge, it will have ______________ rather than four, bonds.
0
1
2
3
In bond-line structures, a wedge represents a group coming the page, while a dash represents a group the page.
________________arrows are tools for drawing resonance structures.
Fish-hook
Straight
Curved
Equilibrium
When drawing curved arrows for resonance structures, avoid breaking a__________ bond and never exceed ________for second-row elements.
The following rules can be used to identify the significance of resonance structures:
1. The most significant resonance forms have the greatest number of filled octets .
2. The structure with fewer formal charges is more significant.
3. Other things being equal, a structure with a negative charge on the element will be more significant. Similarly, a positive charge will be more stable on the element.
4. Resonance forms that have equally good Lewis structures are described as and contribute equally to the resonance hybrid. A delocalized lone pair participates in resonance and is said to occupy a p orbital.
A
______________lone pair does not participate in resonance.
localized
charged
delocalized
