Read the excerpt from "Geysers and Volcanoes."

Your next trip is to Hawaii. Hawaii is made up of many islands. The islands have many volcanoes. Volcanoes are openings in the ground that erupt, or hurl out material from their insides. It’s a thrilling sight! Red-hot melted rock shoots out of a hole in the top of the volcano. This melted rock is called lava. It flows like a red river down the sides of the volcano. Ashes and gas from inside the volcano fly into the air. It’s not safe to be close to a volcano when it erupts. Instead, you can watch a film or video of a volcano. That’s the only safe way to see a volcano in action.

In order to visualize lava, readers need to connect the details in this excerpt to what they already know. Readers should think about

a thick, slow-moving stream that is red in color.
openings in the ground that shoot out materials.
floating ashes and smoke in the air.
living on an island that has many volcanoes.